{"id":1781,"date":"2021-11-04T23:27:20","date_gmt":"2021-11-04T23:27:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/equalitynow.org\/resource\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/"},"modified":"2025-10-28T10:25:34","modified_gmt":"2025-10-28T10:25:34","slug":"india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/","title":{"rendered":"India &#8211; Penal Code 1860, as amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2013"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"meta-split-banner-block\" style=\"background-color:#00754C\">\n\n    \n        <div class=\"columns is-gapless is-multiline is-mobile\">\n            <div class=\"column is-12-mobile is-8-tablet is-6-desktop\">\n                <div class=\"image-container-overlay is-hidden-desktop\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"image-overlay\" style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Social-Share-Image-Haryana.png');\"><\/div>\n\n                    \n                <\/div>\n\n                <div class=\"outer\">\n                    <div class=\"inner left\">\n                        <div class=\"split-post-content\">\n\n                            <div class=\"columns is-multiline is-mobile\">\n                                <div class=\"column is-12\">\n                                    <p class=\"date\">4th noviembre 2021<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"column is-12\">\n                                    <h1 class=\"title\">India &#8211; Penal Code 1860, as amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2013<\/h1>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            \n                                <div class=\"columns\">\n                                    <div class=\"column is-9\">\n                                        <p class=\"time-to-read\">5 min read<\/p>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n\n                            \n                            \n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <div class=\"column is-6-desktop is-hidden-touch\">\n                <div class=\"image-container\">\n\n                    \n                        <div class=\"image-overlay\" style=\"background-image: url('https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Social-Share-Image-Haryana.png');\"><\/div>\n\n                    \n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n\n    \n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"full-width-content-block\">\n\n    \n        <div class=\"container\" data-aos=\"fade-up\">\n            <div class=\"columns\">\n                <div class=\"column\">\n\n                    <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Laws allowing marital rape treat the wife as the property of the husband, and render her vulnerable to sexual violence and abuse within marriage.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Country:<\/strong>\u00a0India<\/li>\n<li><strong>Law status:\u00a0<\/strong>Discriminatory law in force<\/li>\n<li><strong>Law Type:<\/strong>\u00a0Rape<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sex discrimination in laws purporting to address violence, or silence on the issue within the law, can actually\u00a0<em>promote<\/em>\u00a0or perpetuate violence against women and girls because there is little to deter perpetrators from committing crimes or inadequate recourse for victims; intimate partner and sexual violence is disproportionately inflicted upon women and adolescent girls.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Laws allowing marital rape treat the wife as the property of the husband, and render her vulnerable to sexual violence and abuse within marriage.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code of 1860 allows a man to rape his wife.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Section 375.\u00a0<em>A man is said to commit \u201crape\u201d if he (a) penetrates his penis, to any extent, into the vagina, mouth, urethra or anus of a woman . . . under the circumstances falling under any of the following seven descriptions . . . Sixthly. \u2013With or without her consent, when she is under eighteen years of age.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:quote --> <!-- wp:quote --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Exception 2.\u00a0<strong><em>Sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under fifteen years of age, is not rape.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:quote --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Note: <\/strong>In 2005, India passed The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act No. 43 which provides for women to access various civil remedies for domestic violence including sexual abuse. In<em> Independent Thought v. Union of India<\/em>, the Indian Supreme Court in 2017 held that the part of Exception 2 to section 375 which <em>excused marital rape of minors between the ages of 15-18, was unconstitutional.<\/em><strong> However, there are no criminal penalties for marital rape when a wife is over 18 years old.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The failure to criminalize marital rape is also compounded by section 9 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, which allows for the court to grant the remedy of \u201crestitution of conjugal rights\u201d when either the \u201chusband or the wife has, without reasonable excuse, withdrawn from the society of the other\u201d. Allowing the court to enforce \u201cconjugal rights\u201d when the wife does not wish to live with her husband makes the wife vulnerable to sexual violence, particularly since marital rape is not considered a criminal offense under Indian law.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:quote --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Article 14 of the Constitution of India: <em>The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India. Article 15(1): The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiacode.nic.in\/repealedfileopen?rfilename=A1860-45.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Explore India&#8217;s full law<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n    \n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"text-signpost-block\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","post_tag":[],"resource_type":[],"law_status":[216],"law_type":[],"issue":[49],"region":[30],"class_list":["post-1781","resource","type-resource","status-publish","hentry","issue-achieve-legal-equality"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.3 (Yoast SEO v27.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>India - Penal Code 1860, as amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2013 - Equality Now<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"India - Penal Code 1860, as amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2013\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Equality Now\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/equalitynoworg\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-28T10:25:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/resource\\\/uncategorised\\\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/resource\\\/uncategorised\\\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\\\/\",\"name\":\"India - Penal Code 1860, as amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2013 - Equality Now\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-04T23:27:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-28T10:25:34+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/resource\\\/uncategorised\\\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/resource\\\/uncategorised\\\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/resource\\\/uncategorised\\\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Resources\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/resource\\\/%type%\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"India &#8211; Penal Code 1860, as amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2013\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/\",\"name\":\"Equality Now\",\"description\":\"A just world for all women and girls\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":[\"Organization\",\"Place\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Equality Now\",\"alternateName\":\"Equality Now\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/resource\\\/uncategorised\\\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\\\/#local-main-organization-logo\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/resource\\\/uncategorised\\\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\\\/#local-main-organization-logo\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/equalitynoworg\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/equality-now\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/equalitynoworg\"],\"description\":\"Equality Now leads the way in driving the legal and systemic change needed to end violence and discrimination against all women and girls, everywhere in the world, to the benefit of all. Every year, our work leads to legal, systemic, and cultural progress that translates into real and positive change for millions of women and girls around the world. In 2024, we improved justice for over 52 million women & girls.\",\"legalName\":\"Equality Now\",\"foundingDate\":\"1992-04-10\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"51\",\"maxValue\":\"200\"},\"telephone\":[],\"openingHoursSpecification\":[{\"@type\":\"OpeningHoursSpecification\",\"dayOfWeek\":[\"Monday\",\"Tuesday\",\"Wednesday\",\"Thursday\",\"Friday\",\"Saturday\",\"Sunday\"],\"opens\":\"09:00\",\"closes\":\"17:00\"}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/es\\\/resource\\\/uncategorised\\\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\\\/#local-main-organization-logo\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/EN_stacked_blueGrey.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/equalitynow.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/EN_stacked_blueGrey.png\",\"width\":1265,\"height\":1287,\"caption\":\"Equality Now\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"India - Penal Code 1860, as amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2013 - Equality Now","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"India - Penal Code 1860, as amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2013","og_url":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/","og_site_name":"Equality Now","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/equalitynoworg\/","article_modified_time":"2025-10-28T10:25:34+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Tiempo de lectura":"2 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/","url":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/","name":"India - Penal Code 1860, as amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2013 - Equality Now","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-11-04T23:27:20+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-28T10:25:34+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Resources","item":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/%type%\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"India &#8211; Penal Code 1860, as amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act No. 13 of 2013"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/#website","url":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/","name":"Equality Now","description":"A just world for all women and girls","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":["Organization","Place"],"@id":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/#organization","name":"Equality Now","alternateName":"Equality Now","url":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/","logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/#local-main-organization-logo"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/#local-main-organization-logo"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/equalitynoworg\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/equality-now\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/equalitynoworg"],"description":"Equality Now leads the way in driving the legal and systemic change needed to end violence and discrimination against all women and girls, everywhere in the world, to the benefit of all. Every year, our work leads to legal, systemic, and cultural progress that translates into real and positive change for millions of women and girls around the world. In 2024, we improved justice for over 52 million women & girls.","legalName":"Equality Now","foundingDate":"1992-04-10","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"51","maxValue":"200"},"telephone":[],"openingHoursSpecification":[{"@type":"OpeningHoursSpecification","dayOfWeek":["Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday","Sunday"],"opens":"09:00","closes":"17:00"}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/resource\/uncategorised\/india_penal_code_1860_as_amended_by_the_criminal_law_amendment_act_no_13_of_2013_e4ev5anxua6auyp2t5xdbw\/#local-main-organization-logo","url":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/EN_stacked_blueGrey.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/EN_stacked_blueGrey.png","width":1265,"height":1287,"caption":"Equality Now"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/1781","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/resource"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/1781\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58994,"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/1781\/revisions\/58994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/post_tag?post=1781"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=1781"},{"taxonomy":"law_status","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/law_status?post=1781"},{"taxonomy":"law_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/law_type?post=1781"},{"taxonomy":"issue","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/issue?post=1781"},{"taxonomy":"region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/equalitynow.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/region?post=1781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}