AUSTRALIA
Indirect estimates indicate that there are 53,088 survivors of FGM/C living in Australia.
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
The Government of Brunei has confirmed that Type I FGM/C is practiced in the country. Though no specific prevalence rates are available, FGM/C is known to be widely practiced within the Malay community which makes up a majority of Brunei’s population.
INDIA
FGM/C is known to be practiced by the Bohra community as well as a Sunni Muslim sect in Kerala. The Bohra population in India is estimated to be around 1 million. A 2018 study estimated prevalence of FGM/C within the Bohra community to be 75% of daughters of all respondents in the sample. The Bohra community practices Type I FGM/C (cutting of the clitoral hood and/or the clitoris), known locally as “khatna” or “khafz”.
INDONESIA
National data shows FGM/C prevalence of 49.2% among girls aged 0-11 across the country. The type of FGM/C practiced is usually Type I/Type IV FGM/C (cutting/pricking of the clitoral hood and/or clitoris).
MALAYSIA
The Malaysian government estimates that “83-85% of the Muslim baby girls have been circumcised by medical professionals in private clinics”. Research studies similarly estimate high prevalence of FGM/C. Type I/Type IV FGM/C is known to be practiced (cutting/pricking of the clitoral hood and/or clitoris), most commonly on babies aged 1-2 months old.
MALDIVES
National prevalence data shows FGM/C prevalence of 13% among women and girls aged 15-49, but a prevalence of only 1% among girls aged 0-14. Anecdotal evidence suggests that in the Maldives, Type IV FGM/C is mainly practiced, consisting mostly of small cuts to the genitals.
NEW ZEALAND
Anecdotal evidence indicates that there are survivors of FGM/C from diaspora communities living in New Zealand, though there is no reliable estimate available.
PAKISTAN
FGM/C is known to take place within the Bohra community in Pakistan, which is estimated to be around 100,000 people. There are no prevalence estimates available. Type I FGM/C is practiced (cutting of the clitoral hood and/or the clitoris). The practice is known as “khatna” or “khafz” within the Bohra community.
PHILIPPINES
FGM/C in the Philippines is practiced only in small pockets of the country, mainly by Muslim communities in the Mindanao region. Practicing communities refer to this type of mutilation as pag-sunnat or turi and largely falls under Type IV. In some cases, particularly the practice of turi by the Meranaos, Type I is practiced.
SINGAPORE
FGM/C is known to be practiced in Singapore in the Malay Muslim community (accounting for around 15% of the total population). No prevalence estimates are available. The Malays normally practice Type I/Type IV FGM/C (cutting/pricking of the clitoral hood and/or clitoris) in a procedure known as ‘sunat perempuan’.
SRI LANKA
FGM/C is known to occur among the Moor, Malay, and Bohra communities in Sri Lanka. No prevalence estimates are available. The type of FGM/C practiced is usually Type I/Type IV FGM/C (cutting/pricking of the clitoral hood and/or clitoris).
THAILAND
FGM/C in Thailand is known to be practiced by Muslim communities (which make up 5-8% of the total population), largely concentrated in the three southern provinces of Yala, Narathiwat and Pattani. Type I/Type IV FGM/C is known to be practiced (cutting/pricking of the clitoral hood and/or clitoris) in a procedure known as ‘sunat’ or ‘sunat perempuan’.