13th أبريل 2026

Exploring the interlinkages between child marriage and family laws in South Asia

This report examines how inconsistencies in child marriage and family laws governing religious minority communities in South Asia contribute to the persistence of child marriage. Through comparative legal analysis, it identifies gaps in legal protections, including inconsistencies in the definition of a child, conflicts in implementation, and the disproportionate impact on girls. The research provides evidence-based recommendations to strengthen legal systems, align protections, and support policy and legislative reform across South Asia.

What’s inside the report?

  • Comparative legal analysis of child marriage laws and personal/family laws across Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives
  • Examination of inconsistencies between statutory and religious legal frameworks across these countries
  • Country-level insights highlighting how legal conflicts impact children, especially girls
  • Review of legislation, judgments, legislative and policy frameworks, and reform efforts across South Asia
  • Identification of systemic legal protection gaps and enforcement challenges

Who’s it for?

  • Policymakers and legislators working on child protection and family law reform across Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives
  • Legal practitioners and researchers analysing intersections between statutory and personal laws
  • Civil society organisations advocating to end child marriage in South Asia
  • International development actors working on gender equality and legal reform

Key takeaways and recommendations

  • Set the minimum age of marriage at 18, without exceptions, across all applicable laws.
  • Make legal frameworks internally coherent and consistent, aligning them with international standards across Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives: Align statutory child marriage laws with personal and family laws to eliminate inconsistencies that enable child marriage to persist.
  • Strengthen legal protections for girls across all countries studied: Ensure that all children, regardless of religion or community, are equally protected against child marriage under the law.
  • Adopt a multi-sectoral approach across South Asia: Legal reform must be complemented by education, social protection, and community-based interventions to address root causes.
  • Invest in girls’ education and alternatives to early marriage: Keeping girls in school and expanding opportunities has proven effective in delaying marriage across the region.
  • Promote comprehensive sexuality education:  Address harmful norms linking sexuality and marriage, and support informed, rights-based decision-making.
  • Improve implementation and enforcement: Close the gap between legal standards and practice by training the judiciary, police personnel, community leaders and other law enforcement personnel, and by strengthening accountability mechanisms and access to justice across Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the Maldives.
  • Ensure that the age of sexual consent is not conflated with the minimum age of marriage.
  • Provide clear provisions on the legal validity of child marriages and offer victim-centric support services.

Explore more resources

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