Reforming Rape Laws in Arab States: A comparative analysis of legal frameworks across 22 LAS countries - Equality Now

In Search of Justice: Rape Laws in the Arab States is a groundbreaking report by Equality Now. The report exposes how rape laws across the Arab region continue to fail survivors through narrow definitions based on force rather than consent, discriminatory legal loopholes, and harmful social norms embedded in legal practices. It calls for urgent, survivor-centred reforms to bring national laws and implementation aligned with international human rights standards.

This report presents serious, evidence-based research into national legislation on rape across different Arab countries. It aims to provide readers with a comparative understanding of the legal landscape surrounding rape and sexual violence.

What’s inside the report?

Regional overview: Analysis of rape laws across the 22 League of Arab States (LAS) countries, including how rape is legally defined (force vs. consent).
Legal gaps: Focus on the absence of comprehensive criminalisation of marital rape and sexual assault.
Country case studies: In-depth examination of Egypt and Lebanon to illustrate regional trends and challenges.
Barriers and solutions: Exploration of key challenges in legal practice, evidence, stigma and access to justice, paired with recommendations for survivor-centred, rights-based reforms.

Who’s it for?

Government officials and lawmakers
Civil society organisations
Legal practitioners and judges
Researchers and academics
UN bodies and international donors
Media and advocacy professionals working on sexual violence and law reform

“We consider this bold and original study a foundational contribution to the evolving Arab legislative structure, which continues to strengthen daily.”

Dr.Fadia Kiwan, Managing Director, Arab Women Organisation

Key takeaways and recommendations

Adopt a consent-based definition of rape aligned with international human rights standards.
Criminalise all forms of non-consensual sexual acts, including marital rape.
Remove discriminatory evidentiary requirements and provisions offering impunity or leniency, such as those based on notions of family “honour.”
Protect especially vulnerable populations and increase victim support throughout, and separate from law enforcement processes.
Ensure accountability, including through enhanced training for law enforcement including the judiciary.
Improve data collection and oversight to ensure the integrity of all judicial systems.

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