7th abril 2026

Equality Now joins coalition submission to the ECtHR on proposed amendments to Rules 36 and 44 of the Rules of Court

Equality Now joined a coalition of 15 NGOs and two law offices  (including members of Equality Now Eurasia Network Validity foundation and union Sapari) in a submission to the European Court of Human Rights responding to proposed amendments to Rules 36 and 44 of the Rules of Court. While welcoming efforts to address barriers to representation, the submission argues that the proposed amendments risk undermining access to justice for applicants in situations of vulnerability. In particular, it raises concerns about giving respondent governments a role in appointing representatives, relying on domestic procedures that may already have failed the applicant, and insufficiently safeguarding the applicant’s wishes, autonomy, and right to effective representation before the Court.

What’s included in the submission?

The submission analyses the proposed amendments in light of international human rights standards and the Court’s own case law. The submission identifies four principal concerns:

  • First, it argues that the proposal does not adequately safeguard the wishes and preferences of the person concerned, including children and persons with disabilities. 
  • Second, it highlights the vagueness of key concepts such as “vulnerability” and “if the circumstances so warrant” which risks inconsistent and potentially discriminatory application. 
  • Third, it warns that allowing the respondent Government to play a central role in securing representation deepens the structural imbalance between the individual applicant and the state. 
  • Fourth, it argues that the proposal improperly defers to domestic law and procedures on representation, despite the Court’s established autonomous approach to such questions under the Convention system. 

The submission also includes practical examples from litigation experience to show how state-controlled or domestic appointment mechanisms can expose applicants to delay, conflicts of interest, or loss of access to a trusted lawyer.        

Who’s this submission for?

  • European Court of Human Rights

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Key takeaways and recommendations

The submission calls on the Court not to adopt the amendments in their current form and instead to undertake further consultation with civil society organisations and practitioners with direct experience representing applicants in situations of vulnerability before the Court. 

It urges that any revised rules must clearly respect the wishes and preferences of the applicant, provide a mechanism to challenge or replace an appointed representative, and avoid giving respondent Governments control over the appointment of representatives in cases against them.  

More specifically, the submission recommends that the Court should not rely on domestic appointment procedures as the default solution and should not import domestic restrictions on legal capacity or representation into Strasbourg proceedings. Instead, it proposes that the Court develop a genuinely independent and transparent mechanism,  for example through the Registry or the Council of Europe, for identifying qualified lawyers or specialised organisations who can represent applicants where needed. 

The key message of the submission is that measures intended to support applicants in situations of vulnerability must strengthen, not diminish, their autonomy, trust, and effective access to justice before the Court.    

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