23rd enero 2023

Sexual violence laws in Eurasia: Towards a consent-based definition

This report examines legal provisions relating to sexual violence in five Eurasian countries – Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The research identifies shortfalls in the way that sexual violence crimes are defined under the law and highlights how existing laws are being poorly enacted throughout these criminal justice systems. Amendments to these provisions are suggested, as well as ways, pending legal reform, in which the current provisions could be interpreted to ensure effective compliance with international and regional human rights standards, which are binding on the States under review.

Key recommendations

Explore:

  • An overview of international and regional standards and best practices for how sexual violence offences should be defined and interpreted.
  • The definitions of sexual violence crimes under the national laws of Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan underline the challenges in implementing these provisions.
  • How existing legislation in these countries should be amended to comply with regional and international human rights standards, and explain how current legislation could be interpreted to ensure better access to justice for victims/survivors now.

Explore more resources

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South Asian Movement for Accessing Justice: Call to action on ending sexual violence in South Asia

A regional call to action urging governments in South Asia to address legal and systemic barriers to justice for survivors of sexual violence.

Legal response to sexual violence in Pakistan: Challenges in enforcement and access to justice

Equality Now’s report analyses gaps in Pakistan’s rape laws and justice system response, with recommendations to strengthen enforcement and survivor access to justice.

Progress and backlash: Accountability for the rights of women and girls – Words and Deeds update, March 2026

A global update mapping legal progress and rising backlash against women’s and girls’ rights, with recommendations to strengthen accountability and protect hard-won gains.

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