26th May 2026

Good practices on compensation for victims/survivors of sexual violence in South Asia

This report, developed by the South Asian Movement for Accessing Justice (SAMAJ) in collaboration with Equality Now, examines how compensation frameworks for victims/survivors of sexual violence operate across South Asia.

Covering Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and the Maldives, it analyses legal and policy systems, identifies barriers to access and highlights emerging good practices from India and Nepal. Drawing on international human rights standards, including UN guidance on reparations, the report sets out recommendations to strengthen survivor-centred compensation as a pathway to justice.

What’s inside the report?

  • Comparative analysis of compensation frameworks in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and the Maldives
  • Examination of how compensation operates in law and practice
  • Country case studies highlighting access barriers and implementation gaps
  • Commentary on additional challenges faced by marginalised survivors, including those from Dalit, Indigenous, minority and disability communities
  • Regional trends, gaps and structural challenges in compensation systems
  • Good practices from India and Nepal as emerging models for the region
  • Recommendations to strengthen survivor-centred compensation mechanisms

Who’s it for?

  • Policymakers and government officials working on justice, legal reform and victim support
  • Judges, prosecutors and legal practitioners
  • Civil society organisations and advocates working on sexual violence and access to justice
  • Donors and international organisations supporting survivor-centred justice systems

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Key recommendations

SAMAJ recommends that governments, justice sector institutions and other stakeholders strengthen compensation systems to ensure they function as a meaningful pathway to justice for victims/survivors of sexual violence.

Key priorities include:

  • Reduce dependency on criminal convictions: Establish and resource national victim compensation funds so survivors can access compensation independent of conviction outcomes.
  • Introduce interim compensation mechanisms: Provide immediate financial assistance for medical, psychosocial and livelihood needs to support survivors during the investigation and trial.
  • Strengthen the enforcement of court-ordered fines: Improve mechanisms to collect fines and ensure timely disbursement, supported by transparent monitoring systems.
  • Operationalise clear and consistent administrative frameworks: Standardise guidelines, timelines and eligibility criteria to reduce delays and inconsistencies across jurisdictions.
  • Improve accessibility and outreach: Ensure compensation systems are accessible to marginalised survivors and respond adequately to their needs, including through targeted outreach, local language information and accessible formats.
  • Adopt survivor-centred and integrated approaches: Ensure holistic provision of compensation with legal aid, psychosocial support, rehabilitation and protection services.
  • Develop reparations frameworks for conflict-related sexual violence: Establish mechanisms to ensure survivors of conflict-related sexual violence can access compensation and broader reparative support.
  • Strengthen the capacity of justice sector actors: Provide training for police, prosecutors and judges on compensation procedures and survivor-centred approaches.

Explore more resources

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Intersecting injustices: Marginalisation and legal barriers in sexual violence cases across South Asia

Women and girls from Dalit, Indigenous and disability communities face compounded barriers to justice in sexual violence cases across South Asia. This report reveals systemic failures and urgent pathways for reform.

Exploring legal aid mechanisms for survivors of sexual violence: Lessons from South Asia

The South Asian Movement for Accessing Justice (SAMAJ) presents this regional report on legal aid systems in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.

Sexual violence in South Asia: Legal and other barriers to justice for survivors

A joint report by Equality Now and Dignity Alliance International urges South Asian governments to reform rape laws and address systemic barriers that deny justice to survivors of sexual violence.

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